Over-expression of these IFN receptors in individuals with DS leads to hyperactivation of IFN signaling in multiple immune and non-immune cell types and a significantly higher level of key cytokines, including C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1; Sullivan et al., 2016, 2017; Araya et al., 2019; Espinosa, 2020). Here, TNF is linked to Dravet syndrome.