In those with insulin-treated diabetes who were diagnosed at age ≤30 years, the non-HLA T1DGRS and T2DGRS of HLA genotypes associated with increased type 1 diabetes risk were comparable with a reference type 1 diabetes cohort (ESM Fig. 3) (p > 0.05), consistent with almost all of this cohort having type 1 diabetes. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.