Observational studies have shown associations between electrocardiographic (P-wave terminal force in lead V1 (PTFV1), P-wave duration (PWD) and maximum P-wave area6, biochemical (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP))7, and mechanical (left atrial diameter)8 indicators of left atrial dysfunction and ischemic stroke risk. Here, NPPB is linked to ischemic stroke.