Untreated MS patients, when compared to healthy controls, showed an increase in the activation of the NFkβ pathway (TAK1-IKKB), the activation of the cell prosurvival PI3K pathway (SLP76-AKT1), or the activation of interferon/cytokines pathways (JAK1-STAT3). The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is myeloid sarcoma.