The crosstalk between tumor cells and neutrophils can be mediated by tumor-derived chemokines, including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) [41, 42], IL-8 [43, 44] and CXC Chemokine Receptor (CXC) ligands [45], which have been implicated in protumour NETosis in multiple murine models. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and neoplasm.