We and other research groups have reported that CF patients have high levels of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (Entezari et al. 2012; Griffin et al. 2013; Liou et al. 2012; Rowe et al. 2008). This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and cystic fibrosis.