HMGB1 and cystic fibrosis: Previously, we had shown that deficient bacterial clearance and impaired macrophage phagocytosis in CF mice was mediated, in part, by an increase in the alarmin molecule, HMGB1, in the CF mouse airways, and that bacterial clearance and macrophage phagocytosis were enhanced by neutralizing anti-HMGB1 antibodies (Entezari et al. 2012).