In contrast, three patients were refractory to corticosteroid and TNF blockade, of whom Patient #14 had perforation, Patient #3 underwent ileostomy due to resistance to glucocorticoid, anti‐TNF agents, cyclosporin treatment, and cytoapheresis, and Patient #8 developed long‐lasting colitis (> 1 year) with steroid dependency: the inability of a patient to taper and discontinue corticosteroid without flaring (long‐lasting colitis group). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is colitis.