PCSK9 and metabolic syndrome: Little is known about PCSK9 levels in CKD,13–15 and in the single study on this topic, PCSK9 plasma concentration does not predict cardiovascular events in CKD stage 2–4 patients.16 Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association between PCSK9, dyslipidemia, and future risks of cardiovascular events in a population of black Africans, particularly among patients on chronic kidney disease hemodialysis.