Defects in Rho GTPases signaling pathways are also heavily implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders (Spence and Soderling, 2015; Yan et al., 2016), including missense mutations in Rac1 that cause intellectual disability (Lelieveld et al., 2016; Reijnders et al., 2017) and an Arp2/3 mutation associated with schizophrenia (Gulsuner et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene ACTR2 and neurodevelopmental disorder.