SP1 and Miyoshi myopathy: To our knowledge, MIF transcription is mainly affected by various transcription factors, such as specificity protein 1 (SP1), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), inverted CCAAT box binding protein of 90 kDa (ICBP90), and Hypoxia-induced factor 1α (HIF1α), and CATT repeats or G/C polymorphism at promoter region (49), the details in MM are as yet unknown.