used differential expression analysis from melanoma samples with and without TLS to construct a gene signature consisting of B-cell specific genes such as CD79B and CCR6, TLS-hallmark genes like CCR7, CXCR5 and SELL, as well as CXCL13. This TLS-signature was found to be prognostic amongst metastatic melanoma patients within TCGA and also predictive of prolonged survival following treatment with CTLA4 blockade (14). This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and metastatic melanoma.