Tumor cell encounter in the bioprinted 3D tumor model induced release of lower levels of the cytokine, interferon gamma (IFNG), from L1CAM-CAR T cells than encounter in 2D cocultures (SS-BB/ζ: p=0.07; LS-BB/ζ: p=0.06; Figure 5D). The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is neoplasm.