TNF and Chagas disease: Two of those peptides (HSP70210-8 and HSP70316-24,Table 1) recognized by CD8+ T cells of HLA-A*02:01+ Chagas disease patients from endemic areas residing in a non-endemic zone induced peptide-specific cytotoxic activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IFN-γ and TNF-α) secretion (47).