CD274 and breast carcinoma: For breast cancers, FDA approved two assays: one was the Ventana PD-L1 (SP142) assay (Ventana Medical Systems, Tucson, AZ, United States) and cut-point (1% of TILs) from IMpassion130 trial in 2019, the other one was PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx assay (Agilent Technologies, Carpinteria, CA, United States) and its combined positivity score-scoring (CPS) system from the Keynote 355 breast cancer trial in 2020 (Salgado et al., 2020).