Circulating numbers of HPCs CD34+ (type 1 diabetes; 1468 ± 611 cells/mL, CON; 2048 ± 768 cells/mL, p = 0.001) and CD34+CD45dim (type 1 diabetes; 1189 ± 536 cells/mL, CON; 1684 ± 765 cells/mL, p = 0.003) were significantly lower at rest in the type 1 diabetes group compared to the non-diabetes controls (Fig. 2A). Here, CD34 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.