Insight into the ability of these cells to respond to a stimulus, such as exercise, migrating into circulation and homing to ischemic tissue can be measured by the surface expression of chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) and 7 (CXCR7)29,30, although evidence on the influence of type 1 diabetes is lacking. This evidence concerns the gene ACKR3 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.