Despite this, we showed that the increased circulating HPCs and EPCs from pre- to post-exercise in the type 1 diabetes group, CD34+ HPCs, CD34+VEGFR2+, CD34+VEGFR2+CXCR4+ EPC counts were significantly attenuated compared to the non-diabetes controls. This evidence concerns the gene CXCR4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.