For example, it has been reported that patients with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene encoding Gαs (GNAS) are associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death, whereas loss-of-function mutations within GNAS are associated with early-onset obesity (Wieneke et al., 2016; Hanna et al., 2018). Here, GNAS is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.