Current evidence suggests that IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) are anti-inflammatory cytokines mainly produced by microglia, regulatory T cells, and astrocytes, which are required for sensory motor recovery after ischemic stroke (Lu et al., 2005; Kleinschnitz et al., 2013; Mao et al., 2017). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is ischemic stroke.