Previous studies have suggested that activated CD8+ T lymphocytes inhibit neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation via interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and that activated regulatory T cells increase neurogenesis through IL-10 and TGF-β after ischemic stroke (Guo et al., 2010; Hu et al., 2014). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is ischemic stroke.