Previous works have suggested that CD8 + T cells contribute to neuronal damage by antigen-dependent perforin-mediated electrical silencing of neurons and that NK cells accelerate brain infarction because ischemic neurons lose their self-identity, modulating NK cell tolerance and then activating NK cells (Meuth et al., 2009; Miro-Mur et al., 2020). Here, PRF1 is linked to brain infarction.