Although evidence suggests that chronic inflammation predisposes colorectal tissue to cancer development and some key factors such as trefoil factors, prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) involved in the maintenance of mucosal integrity are implicated in CRC, the underlying molecular mechanisms are only beginning to be elucidated. The gene discussed is PTGS2; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.