To evaluate the potential causal effect of Hb levels on the metabolic traits, we conducted MR analyses using genetic association estimates for Hb levels and cardiometabolic outcomes [BMI, HDL-C, LDL-C, SBP, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and TG] from large-scale genome-wide association studies (table S11). The gene discussed is GSTM1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.