MMP9 and fibrosis: Recent studies using animal models of fibrosis suggest that pirfenidone, currently approved by the FDA for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), an anti-matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) antibody, OGR1 (pH-sensing ovarian cancer G-protein-coupled receptor 1), and BCL2 inhibitors may prevent fibrosis associated with IBD [73].