INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Autophagic process was found to be involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) disease, and many diabetes-related complications.[7] Autophagy was found to regulate the normal function of pancreatic beta cells moreover; stimulated autophagy acts as an important defensive mechanism against oxidative stress on insulin target sites such as the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle.[8,9]