TGFB1 and gastric cancer: To identify if GAL-1 activates Smad/TGF-β signaling to induce EMT in GC, SGC-7901 and MGC-803 cells were transfected using LV- LGALS1-OE or LV-LGALS1-RNAi to overexpress or silence LGALS1, respectively, as described previously [16].