CALCA and osteoporosis: Tobacco smoking is a well-documented local risk factor for peri-implant diseases;2,3 habitual smoking has also been reported to compromise the outcomes of oral surgical interventions such as implant therapy.18 Furthermore, smoking is a risk factor for alveolar bone loss and compromised BMD.19,31 It is hypothesised that the NBF following calcitonin + PRF therapy around dental implants is compromised in smokers and diabetic patients with osteoporosis.