Gain-of-function NLRP3 mutations are associated with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), a class of rare hereditary inflammatory disorders encompassing a continuum of phenotypes: familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS) (MIM: 120100), Muckle–Wells syndrome (MWS) (MIM: 191900), and neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) (MIM:607115) in order of increasing severity [128]. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome.