Furthermore, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibits PDK1 expression through PPARα-mediated induction of p53 and reduction of p65 protein expression and unveils a novel mechanism by which NAC in combination with the PPARα ligand inhibits the growth of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells [157]. This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.