Trans-cinnamaldehyde decreases iNOS, COX-2 expression, and NF-κB signaling pathway against neuroinflammation in ischemia/reperfusion model [46], and cinnamaldehyde inhibits expressions of TLR4, TNF-receptor-associated factor 6, and nuclear translocation of NF-κB in permanent MCAo model [47]. Here, TLR4 is linked to ischemia.