TLR4 and brain ischemia: Our study firstly demonstrates that combination treatment of Angelica sinensis and Cinnamomum cassia is able to suppress neuroinflammatory response via inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and advance autophagy by elevating LC3-II and Beclin 1 expressions, as well as attenuate apoptosis by increasing Bcl-2/Bax ratio and decreasing caspase 8 and cleaved caspase-3 expressions, which is beneficial to exerting neuroprotective effect flowing cerebral ischemia (Figure 8).