TNF and cancer: As shown in Figure 4, pathways with high rich factors include the p53 signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection, TNF signaling pathway, proteoglycans in cancer, HIF-1 signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, thyroid hormone signaling pathway, MicroRNAs in cancer, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.