Purpose: Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma (Xp11.2 tRCC) is a rare subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), characterized by translocations of Xp11.2 breakpoints, involving of the transcription factor three gene (TFE3). The gene discussed is TFE3; the disease is renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocations/TFE3 gene fusions.