Recent studies have supported that PD-L1 expression is increased in patients with ALK rearrangements [38, 39]; nevertheless, this chimeric kinase also modulates the synthesis of immune-related proteins activating pathways mainly via the STAT3, thus inducing the expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-B) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) which can also significantly dampen anti-tumor immune response [40, 41]. This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and neoplasm.