No difference in survival of PTEN-loss astrocytomas was seen between presence or absence of EGFR gain (p = 0.8133), and PTEN-loss astrocytomas showed poor prognosis compared with PTEN-intact astrocytomas irrespective of whether EGFR gain was present (with EGFR gain, p = 0.0001; without EGFR gain, p < 0.0001) (Fig. 3-D). Here, PTEN is linked to astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).