NF1 and plexiform neurofibroma: Caused by mutations in the NF1 gene, this disorder is characterized by benign tumors of the nervous system called neurofibromas, as well as increased susceptibility to a range of complications, including various cancers and neurocognitive deficits (e.g., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, visuospatial memory impairments)1,2.