To determine whether FOXS1 overexpression directly induced TMZ resistance in glioma cells, we increased and reduced FOXS1 expression in glioma cells (both in the U87MG cell line and in GBM-1 primary glioblastoma cells) by lentivirus infection, and four glioma cell groups with different FOXS1 expression were obtained (control, negative control/NC, overexpression/OE and knockdown/KD) for further study. Here, FOXS1 is linked to glioblastoma.