Furthermore, it has also been found that intrinsic PD-L1 signalling in tumours regulates cellular proliferation and autophagy in ovarian cancer and melanoma, and the attenuation of PD-L1 enhances autophagy and weakens the ability of autophagy inhibitors in NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice to restrict proliferation in vitro and in vivo [67]. Here, CD274 is linked to melanoma.