EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In 2014, the discovery that EGFR-oncogenic mutations were present in 15–30% of NSCLC patients and that the vast majority of patients harboring such mutations are particularly sensitive to treatment with EGFR inhibitors (TKi) such as Erlotinib and Gefitinib was a critical breakthrough (Lynch et al., 2004; Paez et al., 2004).