TSC2 and neoplasm: Of note, the prior studies focused on cultured cell models, while our work included also mouse and human tumor specimens of TSC, cellular models of acute and chronic loss of TSC2, and multiple methods of TSC2 downregulation (littermate-derived Tsc2+/+ and Tsc2−/− MEFs, siRNA, and CRISPR/Cas9 downregulation of TSC2).