CCL3 and leishmaniasis: Besides, the chemokine MIP-1α (CCL3) is known to induce IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α production with chemotactic and pro-inflammatory effects and acts as homeostasis promoter culminating in a Th1 response in the presence of receptors CCL3 and CCR5, fundamental in the control of leishmaniasis [50, 51].