However, recently it was demonstrated the dual role of this cytokines, as anti-Leishmania in the presence of MIF, GM-CSF, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and, pro-Leishmania in the presence of IL-10, TGF-β, IL-6, IL-13, MIF, IL-3; showing its diverse interventions in the infectious process of Leishmaniasis [65]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is leishmaniasis.