In randomized trials, first-line afatinib has demonstrated improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared with chemotherapy (LUX-Lung 3 and 6 [7, 8]) and gefitinib (LUX-Lung 7 [9]) in patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.