HSPA5 and cancer: The drug AR12 was originally developed and translated into the clinic as a cancer therapeutic which killed cells via autophagy and ER stress signaling, however, when its true mechanism of action was discovered, as a pan-chaperone ATPase inhibitor, and particularly as an inhibitor of GRP78, the drug was repurposed into the infectious disease field as an anti-viral drug [NCT00978523, ASCO Abs.