Moreover, studies on animal models susceptible to SARS-CoV infection revealed that alveolar epithelial cells upregulate the expression of potent monocyte and neutrophil recruitment molecules, such as the adhesion molecules P-selectin, vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1), and DC-specific intracellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) [174,175]. This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and severe acute respiratory syndrome.