Numerous studies have demonstrated effects of OTR agonists and antagonists delivered intracerebrally or intraventricularly on social, stress, and anxiety-related behaviors, while conversely, animal models with genetic disruptions in OT signaling systems exhibit a range of social and behavioral deficits (e.g. see Jin et al., 2007; Young, 2007; Lee et al., 2008; Higashida et al., 2010; Pobbe et al., 2012; Kent et al., 2013; Morales-Rivera et al., 2014; Peters et al., 2014; Burkett et al., 2016; Caldwell et al., 2017; Lee et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene OXT and Anxiety.