TNF and systemic inflammatory response syndrome: This was also reflected in pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles with a strong increase of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6 and MCP-1 levels appearing first locally in the lung after which all mice demonstrated elevated levels of these cytokines in blood already 18 h PI, which emphasizes the systemic inflammatory response syndrome seen in this model (Fig. 1d, e, Additional file 1: Fig. 1).