Among different tertiles of DII, gender, race, education level, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, serum iron, serum CRP, serum 25 (OH) D, urinary creatinine, serum creatinine, parathyroid hormone, and HP, whether having hypertension, diabetes, low eGFR and CKD, were significantly different, while no significant difference was observed in BMI, serum glucose, serum phosphorus, serum calcium, urinary albumin, eGFR, and whether having albuminuria between different tertiles. Here, ALB is linked to diabetes mellitus.