Among these core genes, some have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of DN, C3 (52, 53), ALB (54–56), EGF (57), EGR1 (58–61), COL1A2 (62), FN1 (63, 64), CD44 (65, 66), FOS (67), PLG (68, 69), and DUSP1 (70). This evidence concerns the gene C3 and liver dysplastic nodule.