Among these significantly differenced cytokines in MPN patients, the levels of M-CSF [14.67 (9.34–21.70) pg/ml vs. 25.24 (14.81–27.90) pg/ml, p = 0.0323], IL-1rα [12.58 (2.89–34.59) pg/ml vs. 36.68 (20.03–68.73) pg/ml, p = 0.0264), and IL-1β (7.75 (6.75-8.82) pg/ml vs. 9.92 (8.52–12.38) pg/ml, p = 0.014] in plasma were significantly lower than their corresponding levels in BM. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and myeloproliferative neoplasm.