AR and neoplasm: Previous studies have shown that SMARCC1 is upregulated in PCa tissue and may promote the initiation and progression in PCa via the transactivating androgen receptor (Hong et al., 2005; Heebøll et al., 2008), whereas a retrospective study on patients with local PCa indicated that SMARCC1 positive staining in the prostate biopsy samples correlated with prolonged survival, which is indicative of a tumor-suppressive role in PCa (Hansen et al., 2011).