Interestingly, the abundance of Proteobacteria in all Nrf2 KO (1.2%, 0.7%, 1.1%, and 0.7% in the male Nrf2 KO control, male Nrf2 KO AOM/DSS-treated, female Nrf2 KO control, and female Nrf2 KO AOM/DSS-treated groups, respectively) groups was significantly higher than that in all WT (0.6%, 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.3% in the male WT control, male WT AOM/DSS-treated, female WT control, and female AOM/DSS-treated groups, respectively) groups (Figures 4A–D). Here, NFE2L2 is linked to infectious otitis media.