Previously, we reported that 17β-estradiol markedly inhibited the AOM/DSS-induced adenoma/cancer incidence rate at the distal part of the colon in male Nrf2 KO mice by downregulating the NF-κB-related signaling pathway and upregulating ERβ protein expression (Song et al., 2020a). This evidence concerns the gene ESR2 and infectious otitis media.