In the tumor microenvironment, the CXCL9/10/11-CXCR3 signaling pathway can exert antitumor immunity through multiple mechanisms (i.e., promoting the chemotaxis movement of CXCR3-activated immune cells to tumor sites (59) and activating the STAT and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, thus upregulating PD-L1 expression, which usually means a good response to ICIs) (60). Here, CXCL9 is linked to neoplasm.