PTEN and neoplasm: Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), as inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway, is down-regulated by miR−29b and miR−301 in breast cancer, while it is regulated by miR−106b~25 and miR−22 in prostate cancer, which enhances the activity of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, thereby promoting tumor cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis (59).