TLR4 and colitis: He et al. confirm that up-regulation of TLR4 and NF-κB were significantly reversed by alpinetin treatment on DSS-induced colitis in mice (38); and Choi et al. found that Isoliquiritigenin treatment attenuated colitis via suppressing the phosphorylation of MAPKs and activation of NK-κB in colon tissue (39).