TNF and colitis: Our work confirmed FEC could inhibit colitis by regulating anti-oxidant mediators and inhibiting MPO, SOD, CAT and GSH production, inducible IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α production and inhibit activation and nuclear translocation of p65, IκB subunits of nuclear factor-kappa B, and suppress phosphorylation of MAPKs-related proteins by reducing the expression of TLR4 at the protein level.