The vital importance of this enzyme isillustrated by a human genetic disorder called chronic granulomatous disease(CGD), which is due to gene mutation of one of the oxidase components (mostfrequently gp91phox and p47phox), and is associated with life-threateningbacterial and fungal infections [33].However, excessive ROS release can also damage bystander host tissues (Figure 2), thereby amplifying inflammatoryreactions [12-14]. The gene discussed is CYBB; the disease is chronic granulomatous disease.